{"id":2337,"date":"2026-10-05T18:12:34","date_gmt":"2026-10-05T16:12:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/infoimasd.com\/?p=2337"},"modified":"2026-10-05T18:12:35","modified_gmt":"2026-10-05T16:12:35","slug":"nobel-medicina-2026-optogenetica-neuronas-luz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/infoimasd.com\/index.php\/2026\/10\/05\/nobel-medicina-2026-optogenetica-neuronas-luz\/","title":{"rendered":"Nobel de Medicina 2026 para la optogen\u00e9tica, la t\u00e9cnica que permite controlar a las neuronas con la luz"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>El Premio Nobel de Medicina 2026 ha reconocido a Karl Deisseroth, Peter Hegemann y Georg Nagel por sus descubrimientos sobre los canales i\u00f3nicos activados por luz y el desarrollo de la optogen\u00e9tica,<\/strong> una tecnolog\u00eda que ha transformado la investigaci\u00f3n del cerebro. La t\u00e9cnica permite activar o inhibir c\u00e9lulas nerviosas utilizando pulsos de luz y estudiar con una precisi\u00f3n hasta ahora dif\u00edcil de alcanzar c\u00f3mo los circuitos neuronales intervienen en la memoria, las emociones y el comportamiento.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">El reconocimiento premia una investigaci\u00f3n que comenz\u00f3 con una pregunta aparentemente sencilla: c\u00f3mo una microalga unicelular es capaz de detectar la luz y desplazarse hacia ella. A partir de ese fen\u00f3meno, <strong>los investigadores identificaron una prote\u00edna sensible a la luz que acabar\u00eda convirti\u00e9ndose en una herramienta para controlar la actividad de las neuronas.<\/strong> El resultado es una de las tecnolog\u00edas que m\u00e1s ha transformado la neurociencia durante las \u00faltimas dos d\u00e9cadas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">De una prote\u00edna de un alga a un interruptor neuronal<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">A comienzos de los a\u00f1os 2000, Peter Hegemann y Georg Nagel estudiaron la microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii y <strong>descubrieron la canalrodopsina, una prote\u00edna situada en la superficie celular que responde a la luz. <\/strong>Cuando recibe luz azul, el canal que forma esta prote\u00edna se abre y permite el paso de iones, generando un impulso el\u00e9ctrico en la c\u00e9lula. Los investigadores comprobaron adem\u00e1s que pod\u00edan hacer sensibles a la luz c\u00e9lulas que originalmente no lo eran.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">El siguiente paso lleg\u00f3 con Karl Deisseroth. El investigador introdujo el gen de la canalrodopsina en neuronas de rata y consigui\u00f3 activar se\u00f1ales nerviosas mediante luz azul. El trabajo se public\u00f3 en 2005 y, dos a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s, Deisseroth logr\u00f3 utilizar este interruptor controlado por luz en el cerebro de ratones vivos. As\u00ed se consolid\u00f3 la <strong>optogen\u00e9tica como una nueva herramienta para investigar el funcionamiento de los circuitos neuronales.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Una nueva forma de estudiar el cerebro<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Antes de la optogen\u00e9tica, <strong>los investigadores pod\u00edan observar qu\u00e9 regiones del cerebro estaban asociadas a determinadas funciones<\/strong>, pero resultaba mucho m\u00e1s dif\u00edcil demostrar relaciones causales con precisi\u00f3n. <strong>La nueva t\u00e9cnica permite seleccionar determinados grupos de neuronas y modificar su actividad pr\u00e1cticamente en tiempo real,<\/strong> lo que ha permitido estudiar circuitos concretos y relacionarlos con comportamientos espec\u00edficos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>La tecnolog\u00eda se ha utilizado para investigar circuitos relacionados con la memoria, las emociones y diferentes comportamientos vinculados a enfermedades neurol\u00f3gicas y psiqui\u00e1tricas.<\/strong> Su impacto ha sido especialmente relevante en neurociencia porque permite pasar de observar la actividad cerebral a intervenir de forma controlada sobre determinadas c\u00e9lulas y estudiar las consecuencias.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Una t\u00e9cnica con posibles aplicaciones m\u00e9dicas<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Aunque el Nobel reconoce principalmente una herramienta de investigaci\u00f3n, la optogen\u00e9tica tambi\u00e9n est\u00e1 abriendo<strong> l\u00edneas de trabajo con potencial terap\u00e9utico. Una de ellas es la restauraci\u00f3n de la visi\u00f3n en personas con determinadas discapacidades visuales<\/strong>, donde investigadores est\u00e1n estudiando c\u00f3mo utilizar prote\u00ednas sensibles a la luz para recuperar parcialmente la funci\u00f3n de c\u00e9lulas que han dejado de responder adecuadamente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">La distancia entre estos experimentos y un tratamiento generalizado sigue siendo considerable. Sin embargo, la importancia de la optogen\u00e9tica reside precisamente en haber proporcionado una herramienta capaz de estudiar con una precisi\u00f3n in\u00e9dita los mecanismos que intervienen en enfermedades del sistema nervioso. <strong>Esa capacidad puede facilitar la identificaci\u00f3n de nuevas dianas terap\u00e9uticas y el desarrollo de futuras estrategias de tratamiento.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tres investigadores y una investigaci\u00f3n de largo recorrido<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Karl Deisseroth<\/strong>, profesor de Bioingenier\u00eda y de Psiquiatr\u00eda y Ciencias de la Conducta en Stanford y miembro del Howard Hughes Medical Institute, comparte el premio con <strong>Peter Hegemann<\/strong>, profesor de Neurociencia en la Universidad Humboldt de Berl\u00edn, y <strong>Georg Nagel<\/strong>, profesor de Fisiolog\u00eda Vegetal Molecular en la Universidad de W\u00fcrzburg. Parte de los descubrimientos reconocidos se realizaron en instituciones alemanas vinculadas a la investigaci\u00f3n Max Planck.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>El trabajo premiado es tambi\u00e9n un ejemplo de c\u00f3mo una investigaci\u00f3n fundamental puede generar, a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s, una tecnolog\u00eda con aplicaciones en campos muy diferentes.<\/strong> El estudio de la respuesta de una microalga a la luz termin\u00f3 proporcionando un mecanismo para controlar neuronas y se ha convertido en una herramienta utilizada por laboratorios de todo el mundo para estudiar uno de los grandes problemas cient\u00edficos: comprender c\u00f3mo funciona el cerebro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El Nobel de Medicina 2026 reconoce a Karl Deisseroth, Peter Hegemann y Georg Nagel por sus descubrimientos sobre los canales i\u00f3nicos activados por luz y el desarrollo de la optogen\u00e9tica.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2338,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[375,11],"tags":[8,1122,460,1121,1120],"class_list":["post-2337","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-eventos","category-investigacion","tag-investigacion","tag-medicina","tag-neurociencia","tag-nobel-de-medicina","tag-optogenetica"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - 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